To maintain range, electric vehicle batteries are typically decommissioned with 60-80% of accessible capacity remaining. It is desirable to repurpose these batteries for a “second life” before recycling, typically for stationary applications where the reduced energy density is not hindersome. This talk discusses techno-economic analysis and other considerations for second-life deployment of EV packs to the grid to evaluate the market conditions for competitive feasibility.

The session will cover the latest developments in the stationary storage market, looking at regional trends and how legislation is shaping this market, in particular the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act. Battery technology will be central to the session, with focus on the growing LFP market share and the emergence of alternative technologies such as sodium-ion and flow batteries, as well as our battery demand outlook for 2024.

Zinc|Manganese Dioxide (Zn|MnO2) batteries have the potential to be highly energy-dense with widely available raw materials that are low-cost and non-toxic. In this presentation, I will report on Urban Electric Power's progress in developing these batteries to meet the high energy density with reduced cost (<$100/kWh). I will also report on our experience manufacturing these batteries and deploying them in three use cases—replacement of lead acid for UPS, demand charge management, and long duration energy storage.

Form Energy is developing a pioneering iron-air battery designed for 100-hour discharge. Our iron-air battery is uniquely suited for multi-day energy storage, and performance has been enhanced by a number of advancements over the past few years. This presentation will give an overview of why multi-day energy storage is needed on the grid, how Form Energy’s technology works, and strategies the team has employed to triple the discharge capacity of the iron electrode.

To combat climate change and address global warming, there is a growing imperative to develop sustainable and large-scale energy storage solutions, such as redox flow battery (RFB). By far, vanadium RFBs have gained significant popularity and practicality. Nevertheless, challenges such as the high material cost of vanadium and the corrosive nature of strong acid-based electrolytes have impeded their advancements within the energy storage market.

Quino Energy is the leading developer of organic flow batteries, founded by the pioneering team from Harvard. Low-cost, scalable manufacturing of the quinone active material is made possible through two breakthroughs: (a) an electrochemical modification of the Marschalk reaction that uses the flow battery hardware itself as an electrochemical reactor, and (b) using the as-produced active material as an electrochemical shuttle to accelerate the reaction. The as-produced active material enjoys long lifetime and high performance and can be cycled in a flow battery without needing any workup or downstream purification.

Unlock the potential of the high performance Aluminum-CO2 battery in atmospheric carbon capture. This presentation delves into its electrochemical mechanisms, exploring electrode materials and scalability. Discover how this innovative technology not only stores renewable energy but also actively captures CO2, offering a sustainable solution to combat climate change.

Stationary lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (BESS), along with other stored energy technologies, have inherent hazards that must be mitigated. This talk will provide an overview of safety considerations, including planning and design features that can be built into BESS facilities, leading practices during the construction and operation phases, safe decommissioning, planning for emergency response, impacts of failure events, and training opportunities.

Batteries are often connected in series and in parallel, to form modules that meet the power and energy requirements of different applications. However, module design decisions are often informed by modeling based on single cell cycling results. This talk will review experimental data on the impact of different series-parallel configurations on lithium-ion module energy throughput, cell-level current balancing, and cell-level voltage divergence over the course of hundreds of cycles. These results provide a basis for assessing performance trade-offs and safety implications of different module configurations.

For a secure and reliable power supply based on 100% renewable energy sources, decentralized and centralized battery storage systems are needed on a large scale, and have to take over various tasks, such as providing grid services and storage of a surplus amount of energy to be used at a later point of time. In this context, highly-sophisticated operating control strategies are needed to enable multi-use concepts and revenue stacking. Exemplarily, in this presentation, the following multi-use concepts are addressed: 1) Behind-the-Meter PV battery systems: PV self-sufficiency and peak shaving and 2) Front-of-the-Meter PV battery systems: Grid services, controlled feeding-in, and arbitrage.

The development and deployment of affordable, safe, large-scale energy storage is crucial for accelerating the full decarbonization of the electric grid. At Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), our research focuses on key topics such as the development of novel electrochemical storage concepts, ensuring the safety and reliability of battery systems, and pioneering advancements in power electronics and power conversion. This presentation will showcase recent studies at ORNL aimed at advancing grid-scale energy storage solutions.